Explore the genetic architecture of repeated local versus global adaptation in plants through this comprehensive lecture by Sam Yeaman. Delve into the complex interplay between phenotypic variation and underlying genetic factors in biological evolution. Examine how recent research has revealed the polygenic nature of many important traits, from crop yield to human height and complex diseases. Investigate the integration of contrasting views on adaptive dynamics, considering both large changes at few genetic loci and infinitesimal changes across numerous loci. Learn about efforts to develop a unified framework for understanding various modes of adaptation and their quantitative description in relation to empirical data. This lecture is part of a broader program on theoretical and empirical approaches to understanding polygenic adaptation, featuring pedagogical lectures, research seminars, and interactive tutorial sessions.