Explore a comprehensive lecture on cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) and its applications in understanding biological temperature sensors, particularly TRP channels. Delve into advanced topics such as pose estimation using quaternions, noise analysis, and methods for resolving continuous heterogeneity in single-particle cryo-EM. Gain insights into the challenges of structural characterization of TRP channels and the potential implications for understanding their temperature-sensing properties. Examine the use of machine learning in particle orientation estimation and the application of manifold embedding techniques to analyze conformational distributions. Learn about the DRAM approach for 3D pose estimation and its significance in improving cryo-EM analysis. Discover how these advancements in cryo-EM techniques contribute to the broader field of structural biology and their potential impact on understanding complex biological systems.