Explore the intricate world of type inference in programming languages through this comprehensive conference talk. Delve into the theory and practical applications of type inference across industrial languages like C# and Scala, as well as mathematically-oriented languages such as Haskell. Uncover the reasons behind quirks in modern type inference schemes and discover their powerful capabilities. Focus primarily on Scala, Haskell, and SML, with no prior knowledge of these languages required. Examine topics including the philosophy of types, translation, local and global inference, constraint typing, and structural typing. Gain insights into emerging technologies and their impact on enterprise software development.