Explore the intricacies of Effective Field Theories in this comprehensive lecture by Timothy COHEN. Delve into key concepts such as partial wave unitarity, positivity bounds, and Wilsonian naturalness. Examine the process of defining an EFT, understand the significance of marginal and relevant couplings, and investigate loop calculations. Learn about dimensional regularization and analysis, and grasp the importance of renormalization in the context of Effective Field Theories. This in-depth, nearly two-hour lecture from the Galileo Galilei Institute offers valuable insights into open research questions and provides a thorough examination of shift symmetry and its implications.