Explore the fundamental concepts of scientific inquiry in this 28-minute lecture by Dr. Bingkan Xue from UF Thompson Earth Systems Institute. Delve into the distinctions between laws, models, theories, and hypotheses, using examples from cosmology and biology. Examine Hubble's Law, models of the universe, and the Big Bang Theory, including its challenges. Investigate questions of origin and analyze evolution as both a theory and phenomenon, discussing its mechanisms and modes of inheritance. Gain a deeper understanding of how scientific knowledge is structured and developed across different fields of study.