Explore the computer science principles behind modern distributed data stores in this 52-minute conference talk by Max Neunhöffer, Senior Developer and Architect of ArangoDB. Delve into the challenges of developing resilient, distributed storage systems and learn about key concepts such as consensus, distributed transactions, and query optimization. Examine four open-source approaches: ArangoDB, Cassandra, Cockroach, and RethinkDB. Gain insights into complex topics like Paxos, Raft, lock-structured merge trees, and hybrid logical clocks. Suitable for a wide range of developers, this talk balances in-depth computer science with accessibility, providing valuable knowledge for anyone interested in the future of data storage and management.