Explore Gaussian processes and their applications in statistical analysis through this comprehensive lecture. Dive into oceanic spatial confounds and their impact on data interpretation. Gain a deep understanding of Gaussian processes, including their mathematical foundations and practical implementations. Examine a real-world example of an oceanic Gaussian process to see how these concepts apply in marine research. Delve into phylogenetic regression, learning how to incorporate evolutionary relationships into statistical models. Conclude with a summary of key concepts and future directions in the field. Throughout the lecture, benefit from clear explanations, visual aids, and practical examples to enhance your understanding of these advanced statistical techniques.