Explore the fundamentals of statistics, focusing on sampling and probability, in this 25-minute video lecture presented by Talitha Williams. Discover how data collection and probabilistic reasoning are used to predict future outcomes, despite the inherent uncertainty and variation in statistical analysis. Learn about the four-step process of data investigation, the importance of accurate sampling, and how probabilistic tools can be applied to limited data sets. Delve into key concepts such as sample space events, probability axioms, and Bayes' Rule, understanding their applications in everyday life. Gain insights into how fresh events update probabilistic outcomes and how the Law of Total Probability expands on Bayes' Rule. Perfect for those interested in learning statistics concepts and their practical applications using R programming language.