Explore fundamental concepts and counterintuitive phenomena in probability and statistics through this 39-minute conference talk by Saharon Rosset at the Computational Genomics Summer Institute (CGSI) 2023. Delve into key topics such as Simpson's paradox and regression to the mean, drawing insights from related papers including Grinstead and Snell's "Introduction to Probability," Chuang et al.'s study on Simpson's paradox in microbial systems, and Pagano and Anoke's examination of regression to the mean in familial traits. Gain a deeper understanding of probabilistic and statistical intuition, and learn how these paradoxes challenge our conventional thinking in computational genomics and beyond.