Explore the fundamentals of quantum computation in this comprehensive lecture by Peter Young from the International Centre for Theoretical Sciences. Delve into key concepts such as quantum parallelism, unitary operators, and the gate/circuit model. Learn about frustration, simulated annealing, and quantum annealing, including the principles behind quantum annealers and tunneling. Discover various types of quantum computers, with a focus on the gate model and its operations. Examine two-bit operations, reversible operators, and the crucial SWAP operator. Investigate the universal set in quantum mechanics and gain insights into quantum bits (qubits). Study the Hadamard (Hadamard-Walsh) transform and its applications. Analyze circuit diagrams and the two-qubit CNOT gate through examples and exercises. Conclude with a Q&A session to reinforce your understanding of quantum computation principles.