Explore Newton's classical laws of motion and gravitation through diverse examples in this Rothschild Lecture delivered by Professor Pierre-Emmanuel Jabin from Pennsylvania State University. Delve into topics ranging from the well-posedness of differential equations to the large-scale behavior of many-particle systems, examining both numerical and analytical perspectives. Discover how Newton's original concept of point mass dynamics continues to influence contemporary mathematical inquiries. Gain insights into the enduring relevance of Newtonian principles in addressing current mathematical challenges within the field of kinetic equations.