Delve into the fascinating world of gamma-ray bursts in this comprehensive lecture from the Gravitational Wave Astrophysics online program. Explore the discovery, historical context, and observational facts of these powerful cosmic events. Examine the characteristics of long and short gamma-ray bursts, their diverse lightcurves, non-thermal spectra, and associated emissions across various wavelengths. Investigate the breakthrough discovery of afterglows and their implications for understanding GRB distances. Analyze the basic constraints on GRB models, including relativistic motion and characteristic radii. Gain insights into the physics of initial events, central engines, and relativistic ejection in the standard GRB scenario. Conclude with a Q&A session to further deepen your understanding of these enigmatic astronomical phenomena.