Explore the fascinating world of phase separation in living cells through this comprehensive 1 hour 25 minute lecture by Frank Jülicher from the International Centre for Theoretical Sciences. Delve into topics such as membraneless compartments, liquid-liquid phase separation, droplet dynamics, and protein condensates. Discover how cells utilize noise and fluctuations to drive essential processes. Examine the thermodynamics of phase coexistence, stochastic protein production, and the role of condensates as chemical reaction centers. Investigate active droplets as models for early life and photocells, and learn about the aging and material properties of protein condensates. Gain insights into the intersection of statistical physics and biology in this interdisciplinary exploration of cellular phenomena.