Watch a technical lecture exploring the application of prior-posterior-ratio (PPR) martingale confidence sequences to mode estimation in discrete distributions. Learn how the "one-versus-one" principle proves more efficient than "one-versus-rest" when generalizing from binary to multi-class problems, and discover the PPR-1v1 stopping rule's asymptotic optimality and practical advantages. Examine real-world applications in election forecasting and blockchain smart contract verification through demonstrations by Prof. Shivaram Kalyanakrishnan, an Associate Professor at IIT Bombay known for his contributions to artificial intelligence, machine learning, and robotics research.