Explore the fascinating interior of neutron stars in this comprehensive lecture from the "Neutron Stars and Black Holes" course. Delve into the formation process of these celestial objects, examining the onion skin model of massive stars and their evolution. Investigate the concept of neutron stars as the "ground state of matter" and journey to their center, uncovering the properties of neutron-rich nuclei and beta equilibrium in the fluid core. Learn about the equation of state above the "neutron drip" and discover the intriguing phenomena of superfluidity and superconductivity within neutron stars. Examine the Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer Theory, superfluid states, transition temperatures, and the behavior of superfluids in rotating vessels. Gain insights into neutron superfluidity, type II superconductivity, Abrikosov vortex lattices, and the inter-pinning of fluxoids and vortices. Conclude with a discussion on proton superconductivity in neutron stars and participate in a Q&A session to deepen your understanding of these extraordinary cosmic objects. Read more