Explore the fascinating world of astrobiology and the search for extraterrestrial life in this 57-minute podcast episode featuring Natalie Grefenstette, a Program Postdoctoral Fellow at the Santa Fe Institute. Delve into the challenges of defining and detecting life beyond Earth, examining innovative approaches like agnostic biosignature detection. Learn about the Agnostic Biosignatures Project, a multi-institution NASA-funded initiative, and its potential to revolutionize our understanding of living systems. Discover how researchers are developing new frameworks to identify life that may not resemble Earth-based organisms. Investigate topics such as agnostic polymer detection, power laws in biological systems, and the ethical considerations of astrobiology research. Gain insights into the implications of these studies for our comprehension of chemical complexity and the scaling of life across the cosmos.