Explore the intersection of artificial intelligence and radiology in this comprehensive lecture and primer from the Broad Institute. Delve into AI's ability to detect hidden patterns in X-ray images not visible to radiologists, presented by Judy Wawira Gichoya from Emory University School of Medicine. Examine examples of AI detecting "hidden signals" in X-rays, assess model generalizability, and discover a research roadmap for harnessing AI capabilities in patient care. Then, investigate group fairness in chest X-ray diagnosis with Haoran Zhang from MIT, analyzing deep learning models through the lens of algorithmic fairness definitions. Discuss the potential consequences of fairness interventions, explore spurious correlations, and question appropriate fairness definitions in clinical contexts. Gain insights into AI's impact on radiology, fairness considerations, and the future of medical imaging technology.