Explore the fundamentals of lighting and shading in ray tracing through this 33-minute video tutorial. Delve into key concepts such as using floats for color representation, calculating sphere hit coordinates, and finding the closest intersection point. Learn how to visualize numbers using color and understand the principles behind lighting and shading in computer graphics. Discover techniques for calculating lighting with normal vectors and gain insights into effectively visualizing normals. Apply mathematical concepts to calculate lighting and shade a sphere, enhancing your understanding of ray tracing algorithms and their implementation in rendering realistic digital imagery.