Explore the fundamentals of threat analysis in this comprehensive lecture on security and network forensics. Delve into key topics including penetration testing, early detection methods, vulnerability analysis with practical demonstrations, and common attack vectors like phishing and SQL injection. Learn about the importance of vulnerability scanning and gain insights into influence techniques used in cybersecurity. Part of a larger series based on Prof Bill Buchanan's book "Introduction to Security and Network Forensics," this lecture serves as a crucial component of the Advanced Security and Digital Forensics module at Edinburgh Napier University.