Explore the complex interplay between 'in-school' and 'contextual' factors influencing systemic school performance in this inaugural Jack Keating Memorial lecture. Delve into topics such as data infrastructures, inequality, education policy, funding, and curriculum implementation. Examine the rise of big data and its impact on education, the limitations of current understanding, and the debate surrounding school autonomy. Analyze global perspectives, including insights from Finland and PISA 2012 results. Investigate the role of pedagogy, structural reforms, and direct instruction in shaping educational outcomes. Gain a comprehensive understanding of the multifaceted challenges and potential solutions in improving systemic school performance.