Explore the fascinating neuroscience behind spatial orientation in this Nobel laureate lecture. Delve into John O'Keefe's groundbreaking research on how the brain creates internal maps for navigation. Learn about the hippocampus's role in spatial memory, discover the function of place cells and grid cells, and understand how these neural mechanisms contribute to our ability to navigate complex environments. Examine real-world applications of this research, from studying taxi drivers' brains to creating virtual reality experiences. Gain insights into the broader implications of spatial cognition for understanding human consciousness and memory formation.