Explore a lecture on connecting molecular details to macroscopic behaviors using thermodynamics and information theory. Delve into Benjamin Machta's research on E. coli chemotaxis, examining how limited information rates affect gradient climbing abilities. Discover the information efficiency of E. coli's chemotaxis system and learn about ongoing work on the energetic costs of information transmission in biological systems. Investigate different strategies cells use for sending information, including ion channels and second messenger molecules, and understand the cost per bit for these methods. Gain insights into the relationship between energy consumption and information processing in biological systems, and how this knowledge can be applied to reverse-engineering approaches in biology.