Explore a comprehensive colloquium lecture where Professor Arman Shafieloo examines the current state of the standard cosmological model, addressing recent observational challenges and potential solutions. Delve into both early and late universe approaches to resolving existing tensions in cosmology, while gaining insights into the field's future direction with upcoming astronomical and cosmological surveys. Learn about various aspects of modern cosmology including dark energy, the Hubble parameter controversy, and advanced statistical techniques for analyzing astronomical data. Follow along as the distinguished researcher, with experience from institutions like the University of Oxford and Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute, guides through topics ranging from supernova observations and Planck data to large-scale structure and model selection methodologies, concluding with discussions on strong lensing systems and future astronomical services.