Explore image segmentation techniques in this comprehensive computer vision lecture. Delve into the fundamentals of segmentation, its importance, and various algorithmic approaches. Learn about image binarization, histogram analysis, thresholding techniques, and between-class variance. Examine practical examples and visualizations to reinforce understanding. Discover region-based segmentation methods, including merging algorithms and variance-based thresholding. Gain valuable insights into this crucial aspect of computer vision, essential for tasks such as object detection, image classification, and feature extraction.