Explore the fundamentals of camera models and image formation in this comprehensive lecture from the University of Central Florida's CAP5415 course. Delve into topics such as pinhole cameras, camera obscura, lens systems, and the thin lens assumption. Examine depth of field, 3D relations, and pose estimation, including a practical example of object insertion. Investigate scene understanding, perspective projection, and forced perspective techniques used in films like Lord of the Rings. Learn about camera parameters, extrinsics, focal length, and projection matrices. Understand radial distortion and its correction methods. Gain a thorough understanding of the camera model and its applications in computer vision and image processing.