Explore the critical importance of structured application logging in modern web development through this PHP UK Conference talk. Learn the fundamentals of logging, including libraries and tools, before diving into strategies for effective logging implementation. Discover how to determine what to log, appropriate logging levels, optimal log volume, and retention periods for historical logs. Delve into the concept of logs as event streams and explore how to leverage Logstash and Kibana to extract valuable insights from your application logs, enhancing both debugging capabilities in development and monitoring efficiency in production environments.