Explore the profound impact of chance on the world's beauty and diversity in this 32-minute lecture by Sean B. Carroll at The Royal Institution. Delve into startling scientific discoveries that reveal how random events shape our universe, challenging long-held philosophical and theological beliefs. Learn about mass extinctions, fertilization, the evolution of mothers, and the role of random mutations in shaping life as we know it. Gain insights into how seemingly insignificant occurrences can lead to monumental changes, and discover the thin line between existence and non-existence in the grand scheme of the cosmos.