Explore the differences between relational databases, non-relational databases, and Hadoop in this comprehensive 1-hour conference talk presented by James Serra and moderated by Yusuf Kothari. Delve into the origins, main characteristics, and use cases for various database technologies, including key-value stores, wide-column stores, document stores, and graph stores. Learn about ACID vs BASE principles, the CAP Theorem, and how different data models address specific needs. Gain insights into Microsoft's data platform solutions, including PolyBase for querying both relational and non-relational data with T-SQL. Compare on-premises and cloud options, examine Azure product categories, and understand hybrid approaches. Conclude with a comprehensive summary to solidify your understanding of modern database technologies and their applications.