Explore the cutting-edge developments in biomarker analysis and isotope ratio mass spectrometry in this comprehensive lecture from the 2017 AGU Fall Meeting. Delve into advanced techniques such as continuous flow and capillary methods, fast gas chromatography, and intramolecular isotope measurements. Discover applications in soil analysis and Proterozoic biomarker studies. Learn about analytical challenges and innovative solutions, including the use of Orbitrap mass spectrometers and NMR measurements. Gain insights into abiotic processes and their relevance to biogeochemistry. Presented by Katherine H Freeman from The Pennsylvania State University, this William S. and Carelyn Y. Reeburgh Lecture offers a deep dive into the latest advancements in geochemical analysis and their implications for understanding Earth's history and processes.