Explore Chapter 1 of a special lecture from the 100th Kyoto University Marunouchi Seminar focusing on "Designing a Population Declining Society" presented by Professor Yoshinori Hiroi from the Kokoro Research Center. Learn about AI-driven social design and policy recommendations addressing the critical question of Japan's sustainability towards 2050. This 15-minute segment, delivered at the Kyoto Academia Forum in November 2018, examines the future of humanities and social sciences in the context of Japan's demographic challenges.