Explore the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) algorithm in this comprehensive 49-minute video lecture. Delve into the intricacies of this symmetric block cipher, including its 128-bit block size, 128-bit key size, and 10-round structure. Learn about the algorithm's components such as the state array, substitution, shift rows, multiplication, and round key generation. Gain a thorough understanding of AES's block diagram, representations, and the step-by-step process of transforming plaintext into ciphertext. Discover how AES utilizes 44 sub-keys, each 32 bits in length, to produce a final 128-bit ciphertext output.