Explore the fundamentals of Byzantine Fault Tolerance and its application in blockchain technology through this comprehensive lecture by Barbara Liskov from MIT. Delve into topics such as remote file systems, replication, crosschain deals, atomic transactions, and certified blockchains. Learn about the challenges of large-scale consensus, including fault tolerance, sharding, and application latency. Gain insights into practical applications like crosschain swaps, escrow systems, and shared resources. Examine the intricacies of blockchain participants, exchange rates, and the concept of passive blockchains. This in-depth talk provides a thorough understanding of PBFT (Practical Byzantine Fault Tolerance) and its crucial role in modern distributed systems and blockchain architectures.