Explore the classification of global illumination algorithms in photorealistic rendering based on their behavior as biased/unbiased and consistent/inconsistent. Delve into the mature subfield of computer graphics, examining various rendering techniques including ray tracing, path tracing, and photon mapping. Learn about the underlying physics principles, such as geometric optics, surface and media interaction with light, and camera models. Gain insights into Monte Carlo methods and their refinements, including stratified sampling and the Metropolis-Hastings method. By the end of this lecture, part of the TU Wien Rendering course, acquire a comprehensive understanding of common rendering techniques, current state-of-the-art methods, and the ability to implement a simple rendering program.