Explore the fundamental concepts of matter and radiation in this comprehensive astronomy lecture, part of the "Astronomy: Exploring Space and Time" course. Delve into topics such as atomic structure, subatomic particles, the Higgs boson, fundamental forces, and various forms of energy. Examine the properties of light, radiation, and spectra, and their significance in astronomical observations. Investigate the principles of chemistry and how they apply to celestial bodies. Gain insights into heat energy, mass-energy equivalence, and the nature of gravity. Conclude with an introduction to the concepts of space-time and relativity, providing a solid foundation for understanding the universe's physical laws.