Explore the intricacies of optimizing Java applications for modern hardware in this 51-minute conference talk by Gil Tene, CTO of Azul. Delve into the latest JVM optimizations and their application on contemporary server platforms. Examine JIT compiler capabilities and the evolution of Intel-based servers. Witness practical demonstrations of JVM JITs adapting generated code to specific processors. Gain insights into mechanical sympathy, architecture, caches, and machine code. Learn about compiler tricks, dead code elimination, cache reads, inlining, and loop optimizations. Understand speculative optimization, arcane analysis, and the concept of "chameleon" optimizations. Discover the limitations of warmup and the potential of JVM replay. Explore the C4 Garbage Collector, JVM glitches, and tuning techniques. Apply these concepts to real-world scenarios, such as optimizing Cassandra performance.