Explore the intricacies of mono- and bi-valent allele impact in this 36-minute Medical and Population Genetics Primer talk by Henrike O. Heyne from FIMM – Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland. Delve into a Finland research project examining population bottlenecks and their effects on genetic variation. Analyze results through various examples and discuss replication strategies. Investigate nonadditive models and their implications for disease-causing variants and inheritance patterns. Examine heterozygous effects and the role of benign variants in genetic studies. Consider the importance of harmonizing nomenclature in genetics research. Gain valuable insights into complex trait genetics, human genetic variation, and data analysis techniques applicable to medical and population genetics research.