Explore iron oxides and silicates under extreme conditions in this comprehensive tutorial from the Advanced Quantum ESPRESSO series. Delve into seismic evidence, tomography, and lower mantle dynamics while examining spin transitions and their effects on iron at high pressures. Learn about the thermodynamics of iron, the high-spin book model, and brute force approaches. Investigate anomalies, lateral temperature variations, and their implications for volcanic activity. Gain insights into vault maps and reliability assessments in this informative presentation on materials science at extreme conditions.