Explore the concept of cardiac output in this comprehensive video lecture. Learn the definition and calculation of cardiac output, understand its relationship with heart rate and stroke volume, and examine normal values. Delve into the left ventricular pressure-volume diagram, analyzing maximum and normal pressure-volume relationships. Discover the clinical relevance of these graphs and investigate key factors affecting cardiac output, including preload, afterload, and contractility. Gain valuable insights into heart physiology and prepare for the upcoming discussion on heartbeat regulation.