Explore the intricacies of quantum system scrambling times, including their application to black holes, in this 46-minute lecture by Peter Shor from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Delve into the fascinating world of near-term quantum computers, covering topics such as fault tolerance, benchmarking, quantum advantage, and quantum algorithms. Gain insights into the cutting-edge research presented at the Simons Institute, offering a deep dive into the complexities of quantum systems and their implications for our understanding of the universe.