Explore the early evolution of the Moon through gravity and topography data in this AGU Fall Meeting Shoemaker Lecture. Delve into findings from the Lunar Orbiter Laser Altimeter (LOLA) and Gravity Recovery and Interior Laboratory (GRAIL) mission, examining lunar topography, crustal thickness, density, and porosity. Investigate the role of impact bombardment in shaping the Moon's surface and interior, including the size-frequency distribution of craters and their effects on crustal melting and redistribution. Analyze case studies such as the Shackleton crater, examining its age, floor composition, and reflectance properties. Compare lunar observations with data from other terrestrial planets to gain a comprehensive understanding of early planetary evolution. Learn about advanced measurement techniques, including multibeam laser altimetry and gravity mapping, and their applications in planetary science.