Explore the fascinating world of population genetics in the human microbiome through this 41-minute conference talk delivered by Nandita Garud from the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA). Delve into the complex evolutionary processes shaping microbial communities within the human body, covering topics such as microbiome evolution, drift, migration, gene content, and ecological evolutionary processes. Examine the concepts of adaptation, evolutionary dynamics, and the interplay between invasion and evolution in microbial populations. Investigate rapid evolution, turnover, and open questions in the field, including the role of recombination. Gain insights into emerging opportunities for mathematics in microbiome research and expand your understanding of this cutting-edge area of study.