Explore the intricate relationship between large-scale ocean circulation and climate in this comprehensive lecture on deep convection and overturning. Delve into the complex dynamics of ocean currents and their impact on global climate systems. Gain insights into the processes of deep water formation and the overturning circulation that plays a crucial role in heat and nutrient distribution across the world's oceans. Examine the mechanisms driving these phenomena and their implications for long-term climate patterns. Learn about cutting-edge research and models used to study these large-scale oceanic processes. This lecture, part of a pedagogical program on mathematical modeling of climate, ocean, and atmosphere processes, is designed for students with varying levels of background knowledge, making it accessible to both undergraduate and graduate-level audiences interested in oceanography and climate science.