Explore the foundations of stochastic modeling in evolution through this comprehensive lecture from the Fifth Bangalore School on Population Genetics and Evolution. Delve into key concepts such as heritability, Mendel's experiments, population statics, and neutral evolution. Learn about the Wright-Fisher model, random genetic drift, and fixation probability through practical examples like coin-tossing experiments. Examine classical experiments, including Peter Buri's work, and gain insights into the Fokker-Planck approach. Engage with multiple Q&A sessions throughout the lecture to deepen your understanding of these complex topics in evolutionary biology.