Explore the fascinating intersection of biology and physics in this comprehensive lecture on soft and biological matter. Delve into fundamental questions about the composition and organization of the world, examining phases of matter, emergent properties, and the unique characteristics of living systems. Investigate key concepts like polymers, anisotropic objects, and stochasticity in chemical reactions. Gain insights into Brownian motion, diffusion, and reaction-diffusion systems, including Turing patterns and their applications in biological contexts. Designed for graduate-level students with a background in physics or mathematics, this lecture offers a deep dive into the physical constraints and evolutionary adaptations of living organisms, providing a solid foundation for understanding the complex interplay between biology and physics.