Explore the fascinating history and paradigm shifts in cosmology, black holes, and gravitational waves in this captivating lecture by Abhay Ashtekar. Delve into the development of general relativity and its applications to the universe as a whole, including the Big Bang theory and cosmic microwave background. Discover the curious history of black holes, from early predictions to their current role in explaining energetic cosmic phenomena. Learn about gravitational waves as novel cosmic messengers and their groundbreaking detection on Earth. Gain valuable insights into how scientific progress unfolds, including the challenges faced by new ideas and the importance of courage, patience, and maturity in advancing fundamental science.