Explore the fascinating connections between modern birds and dinosaurs in this 51-minute lecture. Delve into the similarities between theropods and contemporary avian species, examining how studying modern birds can enhance our understanding of their prehistoric ancestors. Journey through the Mesozoic era, investigating key evolutionary steps that led to the emergence of Aves. Discover the unique characteristics of early bird-like creatures such as Archaeopteryx and Confuciusornis, and learn about the development of flight and weight reduction adaptations. Investigate the surviving lineages of birds, including Palaeognathae and Tinamiformes, while exploring their breeding habits, distribution patterns, and general ecology. Gain insights into the complex world of avian evolution, setting the stage for a deeper understanding of thermoregulation in the next lecture.