Explore the intricacies of respiratory systems in animals through a comprehensive 50-minute lecture based on Raven et al. Biology, 10th edition, Chapter 48. Delve into the evolution of breathing mechanisms, from ancient 500-million-year-old events to modern mammalian and diapsid respiratory adaptations. Examine concepts such as counter-current and concurrent exchange, the development of lung-based breathing, and the crucial role of hemoglobin molecules. Gain a deeper understanding of how respiratory systems have evolved and function across various animal species through this informative video presentation by Thomas Evans.