Explore the fundamental concepts of biological evolution through statistical physics in this comprehensive lecture. Delve into stochastic models of population dynamics, focusing on Wright-Fisher and Moran models, fixation, and diffusion theory. Examine natural selection, the modern synthesis in evolutionary theory, and experimental evolution, including Richard Lenski's long-term experiment. Investigate concepts like clonal interference, genetic drift, and fitness landscapes. Learn about the Wright-Fisher model, resource competition, and serial dilution experiments. Analyze heterozygosity, Markov chains with absorbing states, and the role of fitness in selection. Gain insights into the statistical physics approach to understanding evolutionary processes through theoretical frameworks and real-world examples.