Explore the technological evolution of telescopes in this captivating lecture by Dr. Sarah Kendrew of the European Space Agency/STScI. Delve into the 400-year journey of astronomical instruments, from simple stargazing tools to complex, automated scientific powerhouses. Discover how each generation of technology has revolutionized our understanding of the cosmos, ushering in a golden age of astronomical discovery. Learn about the key inventions that enabled this cosmic transformation, including the principles behind telescopes, contributions of pioneers like William Herschel, solutions to mirror size limitations, and the impact of photography and CCDs. Gain insights into modern marvels such as the European Extremely Large Telescope, LSST, and space-based observatories. Recorded live at the Space Telescope Science Institute, this illustrated guide offers a fascinating look at how technological advancements have shaped our view of the universe and our place within it.