Dive into a comprehensive medical lecture on jaundice, exploring its definition and distinctions from related conditions like hyperbilirubinemia, icterus, and cholestasis. Examine the structure and types of hemoglobin, and understand the formation of hemosiderin, differentiating between hemosiderosis and hemochromatosis. Learn about the binding process of unconjugated bilirubin with bilirubin binding protein and its clinical implications. Investigate the conjugation of unconjugated bilirubin in the liver, its transport through the biliary canalicular system, and subsequent modifications in the gastrointestinal tract. Conclude by studying the reabsorption of urobilinogen into portal circulation, its fates, and clinical correlations, providing a thorough understanding of jaundice and related physiological processes.